In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for low back pain may include the following:

• X-ray
• CT or CAT (computed tomography)—an imaging scan that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images (often called slices), both horizontally and vertically, of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat and organs.
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)—a diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large magnets, radio frequencies, and a computer to produce very detailed images of organs and structures within the body.